# 说明：UTF兼容ISO8859-1和ASCII，GB18030兼容GBK，GBK兼容GB2312，GB2312兼容ASCII
CODES = ['UTF-8', 'UTF-16', 'GB18030', 'BIG5']
# UTF-8 BOM前缀字节
UTF_8_BOM = b'\xef\xbb\xbf'

# 获取文件编码类型
def file_encoding(file_path):
 """
 获取文件编码类型\n
 :param file_path: 文件路径\n
 :return: \n
 """
 with open(file_path, 'rb') as f:
  return string_encoding(f.read())

# 获取字符编码类型
def string_encoding(b: bytes):
 """
 获取字符编码类型\n
 :param b: 字节数据\n
 :return: \n
 """
 # 遍历编码类型
 for code in CODES:
  try:
   b.decode(encoding=code)
   if 'UTF-8' == code and b.startswith(UTF_8_BOM):
    return 'UTF-8-SIG'
   return code
  except Exception:
   continue
 return '未知的字符编码类型'

import coding
file_name = input('请输入待识别文件路径：\n')
encoding = coding.file_encoding(file_name)
print(encoding)